Bib - Copyright Symbol

What is this?

Many older cataloging standards allowed recording of copyright dates with the letter c before the year (like c1998) but RDA allows recording of the copyright date using the copyright symbol like ©2018.

When is this trouble?

A copyright symbol found in fields other than 260 $c or 264 $c may indicate problems.

A copyright symbol found in the Publication Place or Publisher field may indicate that the subfield coding is incorrect:

  • 264 _4 |a ©2014
  • 264 _1 |a [Ontario, Canada] : |b University of Toronto, |b ©1994.
  • 260 __ |a London : |b Writers and Readers Pub. Cooperative, |c ; |a 1977, ©1969.
  • 260 __ |a King of Prussia, PA : |b Sole selling agent, T. Presser Co., ©1967.

A copyright symbol found in a title or author field may indicate a problem with the character encoding of the record:

  • 100 1_ ǂa Dupr©e, Louis K., ǂd 1925-
  • 245 10 ǂa Concerto Saint-Marc : for B© piccolo trumpet & clarinet choir -
  • 245 10 ǂa Ph©Œdon; or, The death of Socrates
  • 264 _1 ǂa G©œttingen, [Germany] :
  • 260 __ ǂa England ǂb Imprimé pour Robert White, et se vendent par Nicholas Bourne ...

Exceptions

There are cases where the copyright symbol correctly appears in fields other than publication date:

  • 245 10 ǂa © Murakami

How to Find

If you are in Alma, there is an analysis to search for this issue in the "Looking for Trouble" folder. Go to the "Bibliographic" folder and look for the "Copyright Symbol" analysis.